Peptides are short-chain amino acid compounds.
Peptides consist of 2 to 50 amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. Compared to proteins, their small size allows for higher bioavailability, making them a preferred subject of research in modern peptide research.
How do peptides differ from proteins?
The key difference lies in the chain length. Proteins consist of over 50 amino acids and form complex three-dimensional structures, while peptides are shorter and more flexible. In nature, peptides function as hormones, neurotransmitters, and signaling molecules – for example, insulin, oxytocin, or endorphins.
What classes of peptides are there?
Regenerative peptides
BPC-157 and TB-500 are being investigated in studies on tissue regeneration and are the focus of research on healing processes in muscle, tendon and connective tissue.
Nootropic peptides
Semax and selank are being researched regarding their effects on cognitive functions. Studies are investigating their influence on neurotransmitters such as BDNF and serotonin.
Anti-aging peptides
GHK-Cu and NAD+ are the subject of research into skin regeneration and cellular energy production. GHK-Cu is being investigated in particular in connection with collagen synthesis and wound healing.
Metabolic peptides
MOTS-c and retatrutides are the focus of research on metabolic processes and mitochondrial function.
How are peptides produced?
Synthetic peptides are produced by solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), a method developed by Bruce Merrifield in 1963. Amino acids are coupled stepwise to a solid support. After synthesis, the peptide is cleaved from the support and purified by HPLC. Purity is then verified by mass spectrometry.
What are the key factors when it comes to research peptides?
Quality is crucial for reliable research results. Important criteria include HPLC purity of at least ≥98.9 %, batch-specific analyses by independent laboratories, and correct storage (cool, dry, protected from light).
Peptides in current research
Peptide research has gained considerable momentum. Research groups worldwide are investigating the potential of peptides in neuroprotection, immunomodulation, tissue regeneration, and metabolism. Thymosin Alpha-1 and KPV are being intensively studied for their immunomodulatory properties.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between peptides and proteins?
Peptides consist of fewer than 50 amino acids. Proteins are larger molecules with complex three-dimensional structures.
Which peptides are currently being studied most in research?
Particularly intensive research is being conducted on BPC-157 (gastrointestinal protection and tendon regeneration), GHK-Cu (skin aging, wound healing), TB-500 (angiogenesis), Ipamorelin (GH secretagogue) and GLP-1 analogues in the area of metabolism.
What does HPLC purity mean for peptides?
HPLC separates mixtures of substances according to their chemical properties and quantifies the proportion of the target peptide. A purity of ≥98.9 % is considered highly pure. An HPLC certificate is the most important quality criterion when purchasing peptides.
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